文章目录
背景
这几天在天天在写Context.getSystemService()获取系统服务,例如在获取窗口服务的时候都会这样写:
WindowManager manager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
突然有人问我说,就是getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是否是同一个,还是每次生成新的?
直接翻看了下源码,事实上还是比较简单的,以下做一下记录:
分析
直接看一下Context源码:
// Context
public abstract Object getSystemService(@ServiceName @NonNull String name);
Context只是一个抽象类,具体看下实现类ContextWrapper
@Override
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
return mBase.getSystemService(name);
}
ContextWrapper使用了代理模式,mBase是Context的具体实现。
在Activity启动的时候,ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity中会创建ContextImpl,同时会调用了Activity的attach(),将Context设置给了activity
// ActivityThread
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
// 创建了ContextImpl
ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
Activity activity = null;
// 反射创建了activity
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
// 创建applicaiton
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
// 将appContext传入
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
return activity;
}
ContextImpl才是Context的真正实现。
// ContextImpl
@Override
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name);
}
SystemServiceRegistry是一个负责注册系统服务的类,内部有一个静态的HashMap,静态加载了各种系统服务在里面,其中就包括了window_service。
// ContextImpl
private static final HashMap<Class<?>, String> SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES =
new HashMap<Class<?>, String>();
private static final HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>> SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS =
new HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>>();
private static int sServiceCacheSize;
static {
...
registerService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, WindowManager.class,
new CachedServiceFetcher<WindowManager>() {
@Override
public WindowManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return new WindowManagerImpl(ctx);
}});
...
}
static abstract class CachedServiceFetcher<T> implements ServiceFetcher<T> {
private final int mCacheIndex;
public CachedServiceFetcher() {
mCacheIndex = sServiceCacheSize++;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
final Object[] cache = ctx.mServiceCache;
synchronized (cache) {
// Fetch or create the service.
Object service = cache[mCacheIndex];
if (service == null) {
try {
service = createService(ctx);
cache[mCacheIndex] = service;
} catch (ServiceNotFoundException e) {
onServiceNotFound(e);
}
}
return (T)service;
}
}
public abstract T createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException;
}
可见,我们获取的window_service对应的就是静态hashmap存储的WindowManagerImpl,也就是一个进程只会创建一个WindowManagerImpl。
ServiceManager
WindowManagerImpl比较特别,我们再来看一个:
registerService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, PowerManager.class,
new CachedServiceFetcher<PowerManager>() {
@Override
public PowerManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
IPowerManager service = IPowerManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
return new PowerManager(ctx.getOuterContext(),
service, ctx.mMainThread.getHandler());
}});
其中,从ServiceManager获取对应的服务的binder
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
ServiceManager提供获取服务的接口
// ServiceManager
public static IBinder getServiceOrThrow(String name) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
final IBinder binder = getService(name);
if (binder != null) {
return binder;
} else {
throw new ServiceNotFoundException(name);
}
}
// 通过服务名字获取binder
public static IBinder getService(String name) {
try {
IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
if (service != null) {
return service;
} else {
// 重点:获取对应服务的Binder
return Binder.allowBlocking(getIServiceManager().getService(name));
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);
}
return null;
}
上面的代码很简单,其中sCache是一个hashMap,缓存了已经加载过的服务的binder,避免二次获取。
private static IServiceManager sServiceManager;
private static HashMap<String, IBinder> sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>();
最后我们的关注点就是:
-
IServiceManager是对应什么?
-
getIServiceManager().getService(name)
如何获取到具体的服务的binder?
先看下IServiceManager接口的定义:
public interface IServiceManager extends IInterface
{
public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException;
public IBinder checkService(String name) throws RemoteException;
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
throws RemoteException;
public String[] listServices() throws RemoteException;
public void setPermissionController(IPermissionController controller)
throws RemoteException;
}
IServiceManager接口提供了getService
,addService
,checkService
,listService
接口,对应的就是binder机制里面的ServiceManager,负责跟Binder打交道,注册binder、获取binder等服务。
再看下getIServiceManager()
,他也是一个获取binder转化成对应的服务接口的方法
private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
if (sServiceManager != null) {
return sServiceManager;
}
// Find the service manager
sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative
.asInterface(Binder.allowBlocking(BinderInternal.getContextObject()));
return sServiceManager;
}
ServiceManagerNative是一个类似AIDL为我们自动生成的类的方法,他对应了服务端和客户端的实现。在我们客户端的进程中,打交道的就是ServiceManagerProxy,他是一个BpBinder。
// ServiceManagerNative
public abstract class ServiceManagerNative extends Binder implements IServiceManager
{
static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)
{
...
IServiceManager in =
(IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
...
return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);
}
public ServiceManagerNative()
{
attachInterface(this, descriptor);
}
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
{
try {
switch (code) {
case IServiceManager.GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
data.enforceInterface(IServiceManager.descriptor);
String name = data.readString();
IBinder service = getService(name);
reply.writeStrongBinder(service);
return true;
}
...
}
return false;
}
public IBinder asBinder()
{
return this;
}
}
class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
public IBinder asBinder() {
return mRemote;
}
public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
data.writeString(name);
mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return binder;
}
....
}
很明显,ServiceManagerNative就是对应了binder服务端BBinder的实现,类似aidl帮助自动生成的Stub类。ServiceManagerProxy则对应客户端BpBinder的实现,类似对应aidl帮助自动生成的Stub.Proxy代理类。
最后的问题,BinderInternal.getContextObject()
获取的是什么服务的binder?
// BinderInternal
/**
* Return the global "context object" of the system. This is usually
* an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find
* other services.
*/
public static final native IBinder getContextObject();
getContextObject是一个native方法,根据注释,它是整个系统的Context对象,一般情况下,IServiceManager通过它去获取其他服务。
总结
由上面总结的信息可以得到
ServiceManager作用
-
通过BinderInternal.getContextObject()可以得到ServiceManager的binder,获取得到ServiceManager服务接口,借用ServiceManager服务接口可以去注册、获取我们需要的系统服务。
-
ServiceManager用于系统服务的注册添加和获取,在AMS都可以看到他的身影,通过它来注册系统服务:
// ActivityManagerService.java public void setSystemProcess() { try { ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, true); ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats); ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this)); ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this)); ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this)); if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) { ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this)); } ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this)); ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this)); ... }
Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式
Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式是不一样的
-
A 进程
Context.bindService()
会将ServiceConnection封装成可IPC调用的IServiceConnection; -
同时调用了AMS的bindService,AMS分发给了ActiveServices执行真正的任务;
-
ActiveServices做保存IServiceConnection工作,启动ActivityThread的
handleBindService()
去反射生成一个新的Service; -
ActivityThread调用了Service的
onBind()
获取到了Service的binder,调用AMS的publishService()
,AMS又让ActiveServices执行工作; -
ActiveServices将这个binder通过IServiceConnection发给A进程。完成bindService工作,整个工作流程中,并没有去调用ServiceManager加载这个binder。
-
至于
getContextObject()
如何获取到ServiceManager的BpBinder,没有继续深究
service_manager进程是由是由init进程,通过解析init.rc文件来启动的进程。
根据底层0号可以获取到ServiceManager的binder
关于ServiceManager可以参考
云图网
除了bindService(),其他方式获取binder
- bindService通过ServiceConnection获取对应的binder
- 借助binder接口获取binder,比如说通过bindService获取binder A,而binder A提供获取binder B的接口
- 通过ServiceManager的addService,但ServiceManager是hide类,这种方式是SystemService注册的方式,适合系统应用的开发
PS:
同一个进程,getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是同一个。
发布文章的时候,系统提示说:该文章不是原创。
才发现原来这部分网上有好多文章分析过了,看来自己不能浅显的只学习这些简单的知识点,还得继续努力,往深度发展
原创文章,作者:奋斗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/app/6258.html