MySQL:主从复制(Replication)搭建

今天阅读了 MySQL 复制相关的内容,MySQL 的复制比较灵活,手册上介绍说可以实现基于实例级,数据库级,表级别的复制, 今天实验的是实例级主从复制。

一 环境信息

主库 192.168.2.37/3306
备库 192.168.2.38/3306
版本 5.6.20
备注: 主备节点 mysql 安装略。

二 主节点配置

修改主库 /etc/my.cnf 增加以下参数

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server_id =  1  
log_bin = "/database/mysql/data/binlog/bin-log"

重启 MySQL

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[root@db1 ~]# service mysql restart

创建复制用户

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root@localhost:(none)>create user 'rep1'@'192.168.2.%' identified by  'rep1abcd1243d';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

root@localhost:(none)>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep1'@'192.168.2.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

备注: 创建新用户并赋予 REPLICATION SLAVE 权限,这个用户用来读取主节点的 binary log.

开启 session1: 锁定数据库所有表

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root@localhost:(none)>flush tables with read lock;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

开启 sesson2: 查看 binary 信息

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root@localhost:(none)>show master status;  
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| bin-log.000023 | 552 | | | |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

备注:记住这些信息,备节点配置时要用到。

复制数据并传到从库对应目录
这里使用 tar 将目录 /database/mysql/data 拷贝到备节点。

主节点解锁

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root@localhost:(none)>unlock tables;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

三 从节点配置

修改备库 /etc/my.cnf 增加以下参数

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server_id =  2

重启 MySQL

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[root@db2 ~]# service mysql restart

设置主节点信息

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CHANGE MASTER TO  
MASTER_HOST='192.168.2.37',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep1',
MASTER_PASSWORD='rep1abcd1243d',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='bin-log.000023',
MASTER_LOG_POS=552;

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

发现日志报错

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2014-09-15  15:23:08  8699  [Note]  Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'rep1@192.168.2.37:3306',replication started in log 'bin-log.000023' at position 552  
2014-09-15 15:23:08 8699 [ERROR] Slave I/O: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. Error_code: 1593
2014-09-15 15:23:08 8699 [Note] Slave I/O thread exiting, read up to log 'bin-log.000023', position 552

备注:这是因为在复制主节点数据目录 /database/mysql/data 时,将文件 auto.cnf 也复制过来了,这时只需要修改备节点的 auto.cnf 文件,参照格式修改 server-uuid 即可。

修改后的 auto.cnf

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[mysql@db2 data]$ cat auto.cnf   
[auto]
server-uuid=0c130d48-22bb-11e4-aaaa-000c2986ac80

备注:修改后重启数据库,日志没有出现异常信息。

查看备节点详细信息

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mysql> show slave statusG  
* 1. row *
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.2.37
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: bin-log.000023
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 552
Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 281
Relay_Master_Log_File: bin-log.000023
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 552
Relay_Log_Space: 452
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 0c130d47-22bb-11e4-aaaa-000c2986ac80
Master_Info_File: /database/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

四 验证

主节点创建表

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root@localhost:francs>show tables;  
+------------------+
| Tables_in_francs |
+------------------+
| test_1 |
| test_2 |
| test_3 |
| test_4 |
+------------------+
root@localhost:francs>create table test_5 as select * from test_1;
Query OK, 10001 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 10001 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

备节点验证

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mysql> show tables;  
+------------------+
| Tables_in_francs |
+------------------+
| test_1 |
| test_2 |
| test_3 |
| test_4 |
| test_5 |
+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

备注: 验证成功。

五 参考

六 相关链接

原创文章,作者:1402239773,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/database/239607.html

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